电化学沉积法制备氢氧化镁晶体的影响因素研究

以MgCl_2溶液作为电解质,利用电化学沉积方法制备了Mg(OH)_2晶体.研究了电流密度、MgCl_2浓度、沉积时间等因素对沉积产物生长速率、结晶度、微观形貌和孔径分布的影响.结果表明:上述各因素均不影响沉积产物(Mg(OH)_2)的物相组成;电流密度的增大加快了Mg(OH)_2的生长速率,但同时降低了Mg(OH)_2晶体的结晶度,增大了产物中的孔隙率与大孔体积;MgCl_2浓度对Mg(OH)_2结晶度及晶体颗粒大小的影响较小,存在使Mg(OH)_2生长速率达到最大值的最佳MgCl_2浓度;Mg(OH)_2质量随沉积时间增加呈线性增长,生长速率基本维持恒定.     

湍流中微小冰晶融化时间的理论研究

为了消除过冷水连续制冰系统中的微小冰晶，通过建立模型，分析了湍流中微小冰晶的融化过程，提出了计算融化时间的方法，分析了融化时间与最小旋涡尺度和水温的关系。指出通过增大湍流程度，使最小旋涡尺度小于某一数值(与水温有关，可通过计算确定)，从而可以在较低的水温、较短的时间内融化水中的微小冰晶。     

晶核在高性能混凝土中作用机理的试验研究

本文在高性能混凝土中加入晶胚进行试验。通过调整晶胚的细胞和掺量。研究了晶胚对高性能混凝土的强度和耐久性影响的作用机理。结果表明，加入比表面积大干3000cm^2／g的晶胚。最佳掺量为10％时。影响了晶体的大小及分布形态，因而影响了混凝土的强度和耐久性，有力地促进了混凝土后期强度的增长。提高混凝土的抗折，抗压强度。     

集中供暖室内温度控制系统的硬件设计

介绍了室内温度控制系统的功能及整体结构,分析了主、从控制器的硬件结构。主控制器采用液晶显示模块及键盘模块进行温度、时间的设定与各个房间温度、电磁阀工作状态的监测。从控制器采用数字温度传感器作为温度采集元件,通过驱动双稳态电磁阀的开闭实现温度控制。     

河南九槽沟矿区晶质石墨矿地质特征及成矿条件分析

河南九槽沟矿区位于华北板块构造带与扬子板块构造带结合部河南淅川-陕西商南石墨成矿带上,通过地质工程、测试、资料收集、综合研究等认为主要含矿层赋存于古元古界陡岭群大沟岩组片岩、片麻岩地层中,矿体规模中-大型,不同期次、不同性质的岩浆岩十分发育,物理特征明显,显示出良好的找矿空间。预测在该区域成矿带上有大型晶质石墨矿床存在。     

定向凝固技术制作单晶铸件的实验研究

用定向凝固技术制作单晶铸件、摸索合理可行的工艺方法；分析晶粒生长淘汰过程。     

对硅质挂钩砖在烤窑过程中炸裂问题的探讨

由于种种原因,硅质挂钩砖在烤窑过程中经常出现炸裂,给窑炉的安全使用留下重大隐患.结合在烤窑过程中的体会对此进行一些简要的分析探讨,并提出预防措施和出现问题后的补救办法.     

Antiferroelectricity of NaNbO3: Single-crystal experimental study and first-principles calculation

Similar to the canonical antiferroelectric (AFE) compound PbZrO₃ in Pb(Zr,Ti)O₃ solid-solutions, the presence of double hysteresis loops and that of electric field–induced phase transitions are important characteristics of NaNbO₃ AFE materials; yet the phase transition behavior in the latter system is typically irreversible with the related mechanisms not fully understood. Here, we explore the phase transition mechanism of ferroelectric and AFE phases in NaNbO₃ based on measurements of single crystals with different directions in conjunction with density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. The tilting and distortion behaviors of the [NbO₆] octahedra are explained by DFT, and the ion displacement in the lattice is traced. The tilting and distortion behaviors of the [NbO₆] octahedra with different orientations are compared. We confirm that the tilt and distortion of the [NbO₆] octahedra along the [1 1 1] direction is the main reason to improve the stability of AFE phase. This conclusion is verified by the experimental characterizations of large-size NaNbO₃ single crystals successfully obtained in this study.     

Electrical performance and ferroelectric phase transition characteristic in different oriented 0.73PMN-0.27PT single crystals

The electrical and optical properties of (001)- and (110)-oriented 0.73 Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃-0.27PbTiO₃ single crystals are systematically investigated at various temperatures, both of which present a series of ferroelectric phase transition processes. Dielectric performance measurements reveal that the ferroelectric phase transition occurs over a temperature range, rather than at one temperature point. By testing the ferroelectric hysteresis P–E curves as well as bipolar and unipolar electric field-induced strain S–E curves, the values of remnant polarization, coercive field, maximum strain, and converse piezoelectric constant d₃₃^* change considerably near the phase transition temperatures. Simultaneously, the 0.73PMN-0.27PT single crystals with (001)- and (110)-orientations under a low electric field show ultrahigh d₃₃^* values of 3540 and 2817 pm/V, respectively, which can be attributed to the electric field-induced monoclinic and orthorhombic phases, respectively. The series of ferroelectric phase transitions upon heating, that is, from rhombohedral ferroelectric to monoclinic/orthorhombic, followed by from monoclinic/orthorhombic to tetragonal, and finally from tetragonal to cubic paraelectric, are further investigated via polarized light microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.